Salome From the New Testament and Josephus

Salome, a woman from the first century and early Christian period, is identified with a woman in the New Testament.   Famous for the (likely legend, not history) Dance of the Seven Veils. Dates: about 14 C.E. – about 62 C.E. Sources The historical account of Salome is included in Jewish Antiquities, book 18, chapters 4 and 5, by Flavius Josephus. The story in the Christian scripture, Mark 6:17-29 and Matthew 14:3-11, is identified with this historical account, though the name of the dancer is not mentioned in the New Testament. The Biblical Story Herod Antipas asked his stepdaughter to dance for him at a banquet, and promised her anything she asked for in return. Prompted by her mother, Herodias, who had been angered that John the Baptist had criticized her marriage to Herod, Salome asked for the head of John the Baptist as her reward – and her stepfather granted this request. Berenice, Grandmother of Salome Salome’s mother was Herodias, a daughter of Aristobulus IV and Berenice, who were cousins. Berenice’s mother, also named Salome, was a daughter of a sister of Herod the Great. Berenice’s children by Aristobulus IV were known as Herod Agrippa I, Herod of Chalcis, Herodias, Mariamne III, and Aristobulus Minor.   Aristobulus IV was the son of Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne I.   In 7 BCE, Herod the Great had his son Aristobulus killed; Berenice remarried. Her second husband, Theudion, was a brother of the first wife of Herod the Great, Doris.   Theudion was executed for his part in a conspiracy against Herod. Herodias, Mother of Salome At the time of the Biblical incident, in which she figures, Herodias was married to Herod, son of Herod the Great.   She had first been married to another son of Herod the Great, Herod II, whose mother was Mariamne II.   The Gospel of Mark names this husband as Philip.   Herodias was the half-niece of Herod II, who was, for a time, the presumptive heir of his father.   Salome was their daughter. But when Herod II’s older brother, Antipater III, opposed his father’s choice of heir, Herod the Great put Herod II second in line of succession. But then Antipater was executed, and Antipater’s mother persuaded Herod the Great to remove Herod II as successor.   Herod the Great then died. Herodias’ Second Marriage Herod Antipas was the son of Herod the Great and his fourth wife, Malthace. He was thus a half-brother of Herod II and Antipater III. He was given Galilee and Perea to rule as tetrarch. According to Josephus, and implied in the Biblical story, is that Herodias’ marriage to Herod Antipas was scandalous. Josephus says she was divorced from Herod II while he was still living, then married to Herod Antipas.   The Biblical story has John the Baptist publicly criticizing this marriage, and being arrested by Herod Antipas. Key Popular Depictions of Salome Numerous paintings depict Salome dancing or serving John’s head on a platter. This was a popular theme in medieval and Renaissance art. Gustave Flaubert wrote a story, Hà ©rodias, and Oscar Wilde a play Salomà ©. Operas based on Herodias or Salome included Hà ©rodiade by Jules Massenet, Salome by Richard Strauss and Salomà © by French composer Antoine Mariotte.   The latter two operas were based on Wilde’s play. Mark 6:17-29 (from the King James Version of the New Testament) 7  For Herod himself had sent forth and laid hold upon John, and bound him in prison for Herodias’ sake, his brother Philip’s wife: for he had married her.  18  For John had said unto Herod, It is not lawful for thee to have thy brother’s wife.  19  Therefore Herodias had a quarrel against him, and would have killed him; but she could not:  20  for Herod feared John, knowing that he was a just man and an holy, and observed him; and when he heard him, he did many things, and heard him gladly.  21  And when a convenient day was come, that Herod on his birthday made a supper to his lords, high captains, and chief  estates  of Galilee;  22  and when the daughter of the said Herodias came in, and danced, and pleased Herod and them that sat with him, the king said unto the damsel, Ask of me whatsoever thou wilt, and I will give  it  thee.  23  And he sware unto her, Whatsoever thou shalt ask of me, I will give  it  thee, unto the h alf of my kingdom.  24  And she went forth, and said unto her mother, What shall I ask? And she said, The head of John the Baptist.  25  And she came in straightway with haste unto the king, and asked, saying, I will that thou give me by and by in a charger the head of John the Baptist.  26  And the king was exceeding sorry;  yet  for his oath’s sake, and for their sakes which sat with him, he would not reject her.  27  And immediately the king sent an executioner, and commanded his head to be brought: and he went and beheaded him in the prison,  28  and brought his head in a charger, and gave it to the damsel: and the damsel gave it to her mother.  29  And when his disciples heard  of it, they came and took up his corpse, and laid it in a tomb.

The Third French Republic Essay examples - 605 Words

In the years from 1871 to 1914, France saw many social changes, economic and cultural, under the new government of the Third Republic. France experienced the modernization of its rural areas, the centralization of the state, and the emergence of a mass media culture. Furthermore, internationally France was heavily involved in the European race to imperialize in Africa and Asia. political participation in the international arena, which at the time was heavily involved in the race for imperial expansion in Africa and Asia. The Third French Republic was established in September of 1870, after Napoleon IIIs Second Empire suffered a humiliating defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Immediately after the rise of the Third Republic, there†¦show more content†¦Following Thiers resignation, Count of Chambord (Bourbon) was chosen as the new French King with the Count of Paris (Orleanist) as his successor. However this arrangement quickly proved to be a failure, due to Count of Chambords ambitions of absolute power, dissatisfaction from the provinces, and the growth of republican sentiments. Republican sentiments proved to be a strong force and the National Assembly was finally forced to produce a new constitution, which established a bi-cameral legislature that included the Senate and the House of Chambers. In December of 1875, the National Assembly dissolved itself and the nation was once again a republic, led by President Marshal MacMahon. MacMahon himself was a monarchist and made one last attempt at the monarchical cause by dismissing the republican-minded Prime Minister Jules Simon and appointing the monarchist leader Broglie. MacMahon then dissolved the parliament and called a general election in hopes of curbing republican sentiments. However this scheme backfired and MacMahon was left with no choice but to resign after accusations of staging a constitutional coup detat. The removal of power from monarchists Count of Chambord and President MacMahon marked the triumph of republicanism in France. Despite the strength and success of the Third Republic, French republicanism was not without its enemies. In 1889, France saw its Republic tested in what is now known as the Boulanger Case. The BoulangerShow MoreRelatedThe Second And Current Republic2293 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction From French revolution in 1789, France has had five different republican systems. The fifth and current republic was an outcome to the Algerian crisis in 1950’s. The First Republic began with the fall of King Louis XVI in 1792 and ended with Napoleon Bonaparte declaring himself emperor of the First French Empire in 1804. After Napoleon’s empire had ended, a period of monarchies followed, until the 1848 Revolution saw the birth of the Second Republic, paradoxically enough with the electionRead MoreChristopher Columbus And The New World1579 Words   |  7 PagesEuropean power, the French decided to invade The Hispaniola in efforts to take it away from the Spaniards. Spain at first ceded the western third of the island (now Haiti) and later on the other two thirds (Dominican Republic). Haiti eventually had a revolution and became independent from the French, but because of the strong Spanish influence, Dominican Republic became independent from Haiti later on. Although the French were now in control of the whole island, the eastern two thirds still maintainedRead MoreFrench and Hatian Revolutions Similarities and Differences941 Words   |  4 Pagespeople who were mistreated and for this reason, the French and Haitian revolution occurred, leading to many different governmental changes such as the first republic of France and the rule of Napoleon, and the free republic and independent nation established by Haiti. They also led to many similar government changes such as an establishment of a constitution granting rights and citizenship to people, creating more equality in society. The French Revolution occurred when the social class was dividedRead MoreHow Was Political Grandeur And Dignity Articulated Through Early 19th Century Architecture?1286 Words   |  6 PagesHow was political grandeur and dignity articulated through early 19th century civic architecture in Paris? Use specific examples. In the wake of the French revolution and King Louis XVI of France’s execution in 1773, 19th century France was a time of immense political, economic and social uncertainty as new political parties competed for power and attempted to reform Frances governing systems. The civil architecture and forms that were built during this period reflect these upheavals, as commissionedRead MoreDespite Internal Crisis and External Threats, the Third Republic Was Able to Survive in the Period 1871-1914. Explain Why.1504 Words   |  7 PagesDespite internal crisis and external threats, the Third Republic was able to survive in the period 1871-1914. Explain why. After the collapse of the Second Empire, the Third Republic was set up in France. During its reign, different internal crisis and external threats had occurred which threatened the existence of the republic. However, the unrests were solvable and the republic could finally survive. Internally, it was due to the own strength of republicans, the weaknesses of the opponents andRead MoreHaiti And The Dominican Republic Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The caribbean is where a small island, contains two countries within its borders and a long history of conflict. Haiti and the Dominican Republic are two different country, with completely different cultures, from religion, to the food they eat, Two countries, with two different, yet correlating stories. A story of conflict is what unites these two countries. This paper will attempt to analyse that story, and answer how this small island came to be divided into two countries, and inhabitedRead MoreFrench Revolution vs. the Haitian Revolution762 Words   |  4 PagesThe French Revolution vs. The Haitian Revolution A revolution is a shift, a turning point, a change in government. A revolution usually occurs when the majority of a nation is frustrated with the economic, political, or the social situation of their country. Two very interesting revolutions were the Haitian and the French revolutions. While the Haitian and French revolutions took place in close proximity to one another, the cause for the revolutions and results were quite different. The politicalRead MoreThe French And Of Decolonization1528 Words   |  7 PagesMowatt 10/21/2016 EUS3000 Paper The French empire; at its height, was one of the largest empires ever in human history, spanning 11.5 million square miles. (Taagepera) Despite its impressive standing, the empire began to shrink and deteriorate after World War Two ended, with French colonies being allowed to become independent states. The British empire went through the same process of decolonization, but approached it in a different method from the French. The French approach not only affected the foreignRead MoreThe Second Estate Formed A Chaotic State1272 Words   |  6 Pageswent against the aristocrats had enough of the old policies. The civilians expressed their laws and policies during the early days of ‘Republicanism’. Thus, the Third Estate embodied the enlightened principles of â€Å"equality, liberty, and fraternity†. The Third Estate formed a National Convention and prevailed with radical ideologies. The Third Estate wanted these laws so desperately that they relied on the corrupt â €Å"Committee of Public Safety† to generate terror upon the opposing forces in France, inRead MoreSignificance And Influence Of The French Revolution929 Words   |  4 PagesSignificance and Influence: The French Revolution Among the crucial revolutions and movements of Europe and the world, The French Revolution is the most significant. Although the American Revolution happened 10 years earlier, the political and social changes in France between the years of 1789 and the close of the 18th century revolutionized not just France but the entire world in the decades and centuries to come. This was noticeable in the sister republics that followed France’s example

Effects of Job Satisfaction for Employees - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theEffects of Job Satisfaction for Employees Performance. Answer: Introduction Having a quality human resource is very important in the operation of a company. These is because it has advantage in smart thinking, have the skill and expertise in the work, a good idea to apply the organizational plan without much straining, has the capability to solve companys problem, ability to understand the relationship between time and production and lastly they are innovative in nature (Steel 2002). This section presents the base for the study, consequent from a minor data using presented literature associated with aspects affecting job contentment and inspiration of employees. In this case, the inconsistency for the research comprises of relationship between employees and managers, employee reward, organizational policies and talent development. According to different primary research, we have a certain connection between satisfaction of job and perfomance. Literature review This literature review looks at job satisfaction under three sub themes; attitude, motivation and turnover. All these factors have an impact on employee satisfaction at work. For instance, when a manager wakes up one morning and comes to work with a lot of anger towards employees, this will end up making the employees to underperform since their psychological stability has been disturbed. This will lead to the employee being dissatisfied at work. Another case is that of lower employee turnover which will make the present employee work extra hours in order to which will make them feel overused by the management hence leading to lower production levels. In this case the employee feels dissatisfied through being overworked. Another scenario that relates to the above situations in employee motivation which has greater impact on employee satisfaction (Hausknecht 2009). Motivation includes such characteristics like; self-realization, advancement and sense of achievement. All these are the driving factors in every employee in an organization which if taken into consideration will translate into higher returns. Employee job satisfaction is affected by a series of factors such us salaries and remuneration. This can affect satisfaction since the worker will be motivated to work harder and smarter since his/her had work has been awarded. Another factor is good working condition which will make the employee to work even smarter since he/she feels comfortable at workplace. Thirdly, a worker will work better if his/her suggestions and advice are put into consideration during decision making. Another thing is about security if your employee. Human beings work better under secured environment free from war and chaos. During political unrest in a country, most of people operate under a lot of stress hence translating to poor organizational performance. Managers or even the supervisors attitude towards an employee also tends to influence the way an employee performs. This is because when the manager gets angry with a worker, the worker will retaliate by acting the same way he leading to poor production level of that worker. Basically, employee satisfaction and motivation has a direct effect on the running of day to day activities in a company. If injected with a negative attitude, the same will translate in production and if treated positively, it will end up in positive impact on production. Objectives of the research The main purpose of the above project is to display and settle on the correlation between job motivation and job satisfaction towards employees performance (Write 2005). Basically, the above study aspires to examine the association between motivations, reward and appreciation on the satisfaction of the employee and analysis of significant and insignificant effects of diverse factors behind. To display this relationship is of great help both to the management and the human resource department of a company. The study report intends answer the questions bellow: How performance of employees is influenced by job satisfaction. How influential work motivation on employee performance? How satisfaction and work motivation simultaneously affect employee performance? Benefits of the research The findings of the research will help the organization understand factors that influence employee satisfaction in the organization, and therefore helping the company to come up with strategic plan of improving on organizational performance. The data used can also be used in monitoring of future progress of the company. The findings of the study will also help to understand why employees prefer certain jobs over the others. Lastly, the data of these results may be used as a basis of future study on the same topic. Research approach The research approach is placed under two classifications namely; inductive and deductive and th methodology that is used in performing the study is what is called research approach (griffeth 2009). In the current study, the main data is collected from a person workers and deductive approach is used to analyze the data. This approach is based on the standard of presented data and theory. In this study, workers are studied and the examination of the results gives answer to the level of contentment. Methodology The study process will employ the use of main information since it supports a straight interaction with interviewees and no meddling of data collected (Griffeth 2009). Quantitative data collection method will be employed so that to reach a significant amount of data through an online analysis. The aim is to generate generalizable results for the persons doing jobs in the English-speaking part of Africa, i.e. Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria. A person can make conclusions from the samples collected. To be precise, a sample of people working in the said region will be given an online questionnaire with closed ended questions. These have liberal choices for assessing the satisfaction and motivation level of each investigation results. The online survey employs the use of 18 questions in which the respondents will answer in which their privacy is protected. This study questions will assist in gathering the information across the study region (Eacott 2011). The reasons why online survey was chosen and not others is that; To reach a wider interview which will enhance collection of a lager content. Collection of data is more efficient and so there is a lot of saving on resources. The process is very clear thus making it easy in data collection. Collected primary data is thereafter complimented by a secondary source. The data based on secondary research will be collected through exploring theories by scholars which will help to support the primary research. Theories on job satisfaction and motivation Maslow hierarchy of needs theory. In this theory, maslow talks about the steps in the hierarchy where by every human being must pass through before getting to self actualisation. The lower section is the physiological state whereby a person at this stage thinks about his physiological state and has achieved nothing at all. The second stage is whereby a person has a source of income but can only afford to be safe and can only afford the basic needs like food, water and shelter. After sometimes the person manages to save some money and ends up thinking about settling down to start a family. After doing this a person gets self confidence since he feels that he has achieved something in life (Prince 2005). After accumulating enough wealth, the folk start thinking about getting into social responsibilities such as politics. This hierarchy can be used in the management of and organisation since it clearly brings out the image of human development process. This implies that every human being has that internal factors that will drive hi/she to write down personal targets to achieve. This individual targets will translate into high performance on production. Job characteristics theory. This hypothesis is explaining that satisfaction of the job comes in if the environment gives a chances for positive features. This explains better on how those features will have an effect on the employee job satisfaction. These features that am talking about will affect the centre of the dimension of the jub which include;, task identity, skill variety, autonomy, task significance and reactions which eventually define the meaning of responsibility, work and understanding of the results which are the critical psychological state. It then translates to personal and work outcomes which include high motivation of the job internally, high quality work performance and lower employee absenteeism. Survey questions The following are the research questions which are to be used in gathering information from a certain group of employees from selected countries in Africa. Please put your gender: male/female Give your job position? How will you measure your habit in the line of duty, when determined by your probable that you could you can perform? (1 = miserable, 8 = outstanding) Show how you are ranked in your company? Say if you are comfortable with your rank and its tasks? Say if your working on a daily basis and their objectives clearly stated by your line manager? In a rate of one to five (1 for not at all while5 for absolute) Say if your boss directly authorities your specialized performance? Say whether you are comfortable with the management style of your line manager? Rate it in a scale of one to five (1 for very dissatisfied, while 5 for very satisfied) Say the unique thing you will do incase you are completed a line boss? ( give a highest of 3 replies) Say how you rank your enthusiasm in your job? Rate in a scale of 1 to 5 (1 for weak, while 5 for strong) Say what causes your motivation? Say if you are motivated better by any supervisor? Say what comes to your mind when you put forward or taken into consideration during decision making? What would you put into primary main concern to transform in your organization if you are given an opportunity? Are you trained for purposes of improvement on your work presentation by your company? Do your company work hard towards your personal growth in the workplace? Do you think your job routine is properly appreciated by the management at your workplace? What would motivate you to be more industrious in your job? Describe it in your own words. Target population and sampling techniques The residents target includes a capacitty of 60 respondents in who speak English in the sub-saharanAfrica, i.e. Kenya, South Africa and Nigeria (Capelli 2008). I will use a unsystematic sampling which cuts across the organisation at all without being biased. In this case I will get very accurate information since the respondent know that their privacy will be provided. The survey is carried out of ones own accord with the help of social media and contacts. The study and its meaning are explained and taken in 7 minutes. Collection of data Looming respondents are choosen via email and all other necessary information about the survey, which includes the contribution of information in all-purpose and information on permission will be showed on an access page. The survey will be carried out fully on once own accord. So that it attracts as numerous respondents, the questionnaire was made in a way that effectively completed. I will also make sure that the survey is fully unidentified, without the unnecessary tracking of any identifying information. The participants discover information about the purpose of the research in the introduction of the survey and can use as good time for them to answer the questions of the online survey as they want (Johnson 2005). Analysing of data and presentation In the analysation of information, it is intended for one to make use of evocative statistics to help know better the association between the reliant and self-determining variables. This will is completed by the use of the software to analyse the data which is also called SPSS. this SPSS happens to be important in this case because it produces descriptive information for the analysation and assessment. In line with this, the research will additionally make use of tables of frequency, pie charts and the bar charts which will help understand the association. The above method helps the beneficiary to make knowledgeable choices regarding the research. For a larger part of the interviews, questions the scale of will be used in the assessment of the responses. Frequency allocation of the answers and the summary statistics will be put into consideration for the analysis of the quantitative data. The using of rate of recurrence reply to for information summary has an added benefit is that the analysation will be easily done. furthermore, table interparatation for rate of recurrence of answers will be easily interpreted without any specialist information. occurrence sharing will be smoothly shown by the help of a bar / pie chart to help interprate it better. information presentation Tabular Presentation By using the tabular presentation, information is presented by the use of cells which comprise of rows and columns. The information that is collected is then fed into the table in which analysis can be completed. Tabular presentation is also the best method of conducting data collected in that; its simple to understand and read between the lines since it comprises of figures. It also facilitates contrast as data are presented in an organised way and also saves on space and time of data presentation. This is possible since it figures are easy to add up and come up with the required report. Tabular presentation is also bendable since it can be presented in form of diagrams and graphs hence giving the user option that he/she can simply understand. Graphical Presentation totting up above the study, also graphic arrangement figures will then get used to give study information. arithmetical information can be corresponded to best by the use of graphs. By the help of the graph, a person can easily contact timely information when the need arises as compared to depending on managed reporting. Graphs are also very simple to understand in a way that, human love looking at imagery rather than interpretation some writings. Graph is also the one of the best because it is easy to interact with the information and also easy to know. Graphs help the management of a company in prediction and the analysis which is a good thing in the running of a modern business. This will help in coping up with company dynamics and rivalry. Conclusion. In conclusion, employee satisfaction and motivation clearly influences the organisational performance. This can clearly be shown through data collection and analysis and supported by all the theories. Human being is affected by both internal and external factors since they have brain to internalise issues. Company managers should strive to make employees comfortable since this translates directly to their performance. References Boyens, M. (2007) Organizational Socialization, Career Aspirations and Turnover IntentionsAmong Design Engineers. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Vol. 26(6) pp 424- 442 Cappelli, P. (2008) Talent on Demand: Managing Talent in an Age of Uncertainty. Boston, MA Harvard Business School Press Creswell, J., (2014) Research Design. 1st Ed. Los Angeles: Sage Publications Eacott,S. (2011) Leadership strategies: re-conceptualizing strategy for educational Leadership.School Leadership Management,31(1), 35-46 Geuens, M. and De Pelsmacker, P., (2017) Planning and Conducting Experimental Advertising Research and Questionnaire Design. Journal of Advertising, 46(1), Pp.83-100 Griffeth, R., Shore L., Allen, G. (2009) The Role of Perceived Organization Support and Supportive Human Resource Practices in the Turnover Process. Journal of Management, Vol. 29(99) Hausknecht, J. P., Rodda, .M Howard. J. (2009) Targeted Employee Retention: Performance- Based and Job-Related Differences in Reporting Reasons for Staying. Center for Advanced Human Resource Studies, 269288 Herzberg, Frederick (1968) One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review 46 (1) P. 53-62 Johnson, J, Griffeth, W., Griffin, M. (2009) Factors discrimination Functional and Dysfunctional Sales Force Turnover. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 15(6) pp. 288-345 Jha,N.K. (2008)Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications Judge, T.A., Thoresen, C.J., Bono, J.E., Patton, G.K. (2001) The job satisfaction-job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin , 127, 376-407 Kumar,R. (2014)Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners Lee-Kelley, L., Blackman, A., Hurst, P. (2009) An Exploration of Relationship Between Learning Organizations and Retention of Knowledge Workers. The Learning Organization, Vol 14: 3: 204-221 Litwin,M.S. (1995)How to Measure Survey Reliability and Validity. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2005)Second language research: Methodology and design.Mahwah,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Maslow, A., (1954)Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper McCrea, B. (2001) When Good Employees Retire. Industrial Distribution, pp.63-66 Mello, J.A. (2007) Strategic Human Resource Management. (2nd ed), India: Cengage South-Westtern Mitchell, R., Holtom, C., lee, W. (2001) How to Keep Your Best Employees: Developing An Effective Retention Policy. Academic of Management Executive, 15(4): pp. 96-102 Prince, J. (2005) Career-Focused Employee Transfer Processes. Career Development International, 10(4): pp. 276-283 Shahzad, K., Rehman, K. Abbas, M. (2010) HR Practices and Leadership Styles As Predictors of Employee Attitude and Behavior. European Journal of Sciences, Vol. 14 November 2010 Simatwa EMW (2011) Job Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction among Teachers in Kenya. Kenya Journal of Education Panning Economics and Management. Vol. 3 (3) 114 -125 Sutherland, M (2004) Factors Affecting the Retention of Knowledge Workers. PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, University of Johannesburg Steel, R. Griffeth, W. (2002) The Elusive Relationship between Perceived Employments Opportunity and Turnover Behavior: A Methodological or Conceptual Artifact. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(6): pp745- 749 Survio.com, (2017) www.survio.com[online]https://www.survio.com/l-de-2-hp-umfrage-gratiserstellen/?keyword=surviomatchtype=eadgroupid=7758741540adposition=1t2device=ctrc_cp=CH-DEutm_source=googleutm_medium=cpcutm_campaign=S-CH-DE-SEAgclid=EAIaIQobChMIrLWtvrCb1wIVIijTCh0crwP-EAAYAiAAEgISpfD_BwE (accessed at: 31.10.2017) Practices and Firm Performance: Examining Casual Order, Personnel Psychology, 58, (2): pp 409 and Retaining the Best People. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons

Elizabeth Ii of the United Kingdom and Queen Elizabeth free essay sample

How nature and nurture my affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two stages of the development of an individual Introduction In this section of my assignment I will be evaluating how nature and nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two stages of the development of an individual, this will be based on my chosen celebrity; Queen Elizabeth II. Nature and Nurture Childhood Physical Queen Elizabeth inherited good genes from her mum, a she is a healthy person, for instance she has inherited grey hair form her mum so this indicates that she inherited her mother’s genes. On the other hand she has also inherited her mother’s skin colour complexion; she inherited her mother’s facial features. Queen Elizabeth has good housing so this means they have good health, besides they also have good income and expenditure. In addition she is also safe and secure, as she has bodyguards to protect. Queen Elizabeth doesn’t have any disorders or disabilities so this indicates that she is living a good wealthy life. As a child Queen Elizabeth was well nurtured, this allows her to be developed physically; she was brought up in a good environment. In addition her parents worked hard for with her so that she can accomplish her goals. Also when Queen Elizabeth was a child she had warmth and a shelter. She also has a balanced diet and also has clothes to keep warm. Intellectual Queen Elizabeth has good education as she was schooled at home by tutors, she learnt French, Mathematics, History and Geography, and she has a good education. Emotional Queen Elizabeth a good loving and caring family as she is depended on her family when she was a child as she needs her family to support her. Social Queen Elizabeth also had good positive friends that can encourage them In addition Queen Elizabeth also has access to services, as she has medical services, when she gets sick and also she goes to private hospital. The environment that Queen Elizabeth lived when she was a child had a positive influence on her life. Adulthood Physical Queen Elizabeth also has good housing as an adult because she lives in a wealthy place called The Buckingham Palace, this simply indicates that she is a rich person. Queen Elizabeth starts to develop wrinkles as she is getting older Intellectual Queen Elizabeth has a good career as she is a Queen of Britain so this means that she has a good education. Emotional Social Conclusion In conclusion I have evaluated the how nature and nurture may affect the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of two life stages of the development of Queen Elizabeth II.

Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark Essay Example

Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark Essay In this report I’m going to analyze Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark in terms of plot, theme, style and message. The book is considered to be the classics of suspense. The plot of the book is complicated but clear and comprehensible. It is very tense and absorbing, menace and thrilling, exciting and vivid. On the Christmas Eve the main character of the story, Brian, is standing with his mother Catherine and his elder brother observing the Rockefeller Center’s Christmas tree. Dornans family has arrived to New York because father Tom, who has leukaemia, desperately needs an operation. Brian notices an unknown woman take the wallet his Mom has accidentally dropped. The wallet has St. Christopher medal inside, which is a gift for their father. Brian follows the thief into the subway. Later his mother would recollect: We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"He hadnt cared about the money. He followed her because he believed that medal would make his father get well.† (Clark, 1996, p.92) The woman turns out to be Cally Hunter, sister of Jimmy Siddons, who is an escaped convict accused of murder. When Cally and Brian reach the apartment, Jimmy takes the boy hostage and kidnaps Brian to Canada in a stolen car and it flippes over.   But the boy has precious St. Christopher medal with him, and finally he hears â€Å"the sirens screamed and wailed.† (Clark, 1996, p. 168) Happy end is very natural in this story and doesn’t make it sound unrealistic. The book speaks about universal values, but it does it with fresh look and creative approach. The courage of the seven-year old boys is worth admiring. When kidnapped, he thinks not about hi own life and security, but about giving St. Christopher’s medal to his ill father: â€Å"He felt the medal dangling against his chest and closed his fist around it. Please get me back to Mom, he prayed silently, so I can bring you to Dad.† (Clark, 1996, p.44) This is an amazing example of son’s life and self-sacrifice. Family love and support are the milestones of this beautiful Christmas story. I would like to focus my attention on the relation between Brian and Michael. As all the teenagers, brothers sometimes face contradictions, but they love and care for each other. A force majeur situation is sometimes needed to make us realize the importance of those people, whom we see every day. When Catherine heard that her husband was feeling better, she said: â€Å"Our family has known many happy Christmases, but this will be the best ever because we know what we so nearly lost.† (Clark, 1996, p.119) The loving family of Dornans is contrasted to the relations between Jimmy and his sister: â€Å"With eyes that denied any history of affection between them, Jimmy stood over his sister, again holding the gun to her head.† (Clark, 1996, p.47) Still, the author strongly believes in the universal goodness of humankind, because â€Å"even Jimmy wouldnt hurt a little boy.† (Clark, 1996, p.72) The story teaches us not to lose hope in any situation, regardless of its dramatic nature. Simple thing like a prayer and mutual support help Dornans family to believe in the happy outcome of their troubled situation: â€Å"On this very special evening, we ask you to continue to pray that Brian is safely returned to his family, and wish you and all of your loved ones a very Merry Christmas.† (Clark, 1996, p.121) The style of the book is perfect. Mary Higgins Clark uses descriptive language, but never goes too deep into details. She has a unique ability of keeping the reader fully into the novel. The atmosphere of Christmas Eve is full of deep imagery and symbolism. Although many artists were inspired by this theme, Mary Higgins Clark interprets it in her own way. Christmas has been traditionally considered family holiday, and young Brian only desires to spend this day with his family. Christmas details are very touching, and the very spirit of hope and belief is the strongest side of the book. Many mysterious coincidences (I dare call them miracles) happen in the course of the story. The excessive symbolism of the story is definitely worth analyzing, and the main symbol is St. Christopher medal. It embodies Dornan’s heredity and everlasting family ties. The medal saved Brian’s grandfather in World War II and is intended to save his father’s life. During the thrilling ride to Canada the medal embodied â€Å"strong saint who carried the little kid across the dangerous river.† (Clark, 1996, p. 116) Catherine is first sceptical when the Brian’s grandmother gives the medal to her. But Brian deeply believes in the supernatural qualities of St. Christopher’s medal. So the message here stresses the power of faith, and we are not to be afraid to turn dream into miracle, as it happened to the Dornans family. As for the disadvantages of the book, I can name only a few. The course of the vents and the final outcome are quite predictable. The heroes are idealistic in a certain way, but I believe the story to be parable empathizing universal values. The author’s choice was to show that unbelievable things can happen to the most ordinary people, and this plot has been dominant in literature since Middle Ages. It’s surprising how such banal plot could make a readable story. Now let me proceed with sharing my personal impressions of the book. I can’t say that I want to reread the story once again, but my impressions are solely positive. The book made me rethink many serious issues, for instance, the importance of family relations or the nature of crime. Still, I was able to analyze the book only on finishing it, because I couldn’t tear myself away. The author makes us sympathise the characters so much that they virtually become the members of your family. To sum up, I would like to say that Silent Night by Mary Higgins Clark is worth reading, and I would recommend it to any audience.

Using Haber and Estar for Spanish Compound Past Tenses

Using Haber and Estar for Spanish Compound Past Tenses Spanish students usually learn fairly early in their coursework that Spanish has two simple past tenses, the preterite and the imperfect. However, these two past tenses arent the only past tenses available. Auxiliary verbs can also be used to form perfect and progressive, also known as continuous, tenses, some of which refer to the past. Present Perfect Despite its name, the present perfect tense refers to past actions. It is formed by using the present tense of haber followed by the past participle and is the rough equivalent of the same tense in English. Thus He estudiado - he is the first-person indicative singular form of haber, and estudiado is the past participle of estudiar - would usually be translated as I have studied, where studied is the past participle of to study. In general, the present perfect tense is used to discuss actions that took place in the past but still have relevance to the present or are continuing up to the present. Note, however, that the present perfect tense of Spanish doesnt always coincide exactly with that of English; in some cases, the tense in Spanish may be translated to the English using the simple past. And there are regional variations in the tenses as well; especially in Spain, for example, it is common to use the present perfect for very recent events. Nunca he conocido a nadie como tà º. (I have never met someone like you.) ¿Cul es el mejor CD que has comprado? (What is the best CD you have purchased?)Hemos sufrido una pà ©rdida irreparable. (We have suffered an irreparable loss.)Bolivia y Nicaragua han pedido que el Consejo de Seguridad sea convocado de urgencia. (Bolivia and Nicaragua have asked that the Security Council be convened in emergency session.)Hace una hora ha nacido mi sobrina. (An hour ago, my niece was born. In some regions, the preterite would be preferred: Hace una hora nacià ³ mi sobrina.)Hoy he visto algo raro. (Today I saw something unusual.) Past Perfect Also known as the pluperfect, the past perfect tense is formed by using the imperfect form of haber followed by the past participle. Its uses generally coincide with the past perfect of English, formed by using had and the past participle. The distinction in meaning with the present perfect is that in the pluperfect the verbs action is completed and clearly distinct from the present. Yo habà ­a entendido los conceptos del curso, pero no los habà ­a aplicado. (I had understood the concepts of the course, but I had not applied them.)A medio kilà ³metro de distancia se encontraron otros cuatro cuerpos masculinos, que hasta el momento no habà ­an sido identificados. (A half kilometer away four other male bodies were found, which until that moment had not been identified.)Habà ­amos luchado durante tres aà ±os defendiendo la Repà ºblica. (We had fought for three years defending the Republic.)Mi padre habà ­a tenido una vida dura, pero llena de triunfos. (My father had had a hard life, but one full of triumphs.) Preterite Perfect The preterite perfect, sometimes known as the pretà ©rito anterior, is rarely used today except for literary effect; you are unlikely to hear it in everyday speech. It most often follows a time expression (such as cuando or despuà ©s que) and is formed by using the preterite of haber followed by past participle. It is usually translated to English the same way as the past perfect. Cuando el nià ±o se hubo dormido, el cura me pidià ³ permiso para dejarme. (When the boy had fallen asleep, the priest asked me for permission to leave me.)Tan pronto hubo escuchado aquellas palabras, salià ³ corriendo hacia la plaza. (As soon as he had heard those words, he left running toward the plaza.) Preterite Progressive The preterite progressive or preterite continuous is formed by using the preterite form of estar before the gerund. It is the equivalent of the was/were verb -ing construction in English but is used much less frequently. The Spanish preterite progressive often suggests that an action takes place or is repeated over an extended period of time. Este fin de semana pasado estuve andando por las calles de Oslo. (This past weekend I was walking through the streets of Oslo.)Estuve leyendo todos sus mensajes.  (I was reading all your messages.)Estuvimos muriendo de frà ­o. (We were dying of cold.) Imperfect Progressive The imperfect progressive (or imperfect continuous) is similar in meaning to the preterite progressive and is somewhat more common. It also is usually the equivalent of the was/were verb -ing construction in English. The imperfect progressive often suggests the ongoing nature of an action, while the preterite subjunctive suggests that it had an end. In practice, however, the distinction is a subtle one; all the example sentences with the preterite progressive could have been said in the imperfect progressive with little if any translatable difference in meaning. Un dà ­a antes del examen estuve estudiando con mi amigo. (One day before the test I was studying with my friend.)El actor estaba comiendo saludable como siempre. (The actor was eating healthfully as always.) Past Perfect Progressive Tenses Combine the gerund with the present perfect or pluperfect tense of estar (or of to be in English), and you end up with the past perfect progressive tenses. Their usage in the two languages is similar. Present indicative of haber estado gerund is the equivalent of have/has been gerund and imperfect of haber estado gerund is the equivalent of had been gerund. The present perfect progressive can refer to continuing actions that may be taking place up to the present:  ¿Cà ³mo se sabe si alguien ha estado usando marihuana? (How do you know if someone has been using marijuana?)He estado pensando en ti.  (I have been thinking about you.)Mam y yo hemos estado hablando del futuro.  (Mom and I have been talking about the future.) The pluperfect progressive tense, in contrast, generally refers to continuing actions that are completed (or, if still occurring, are no longer relevant): Andrea habà ­a estado hablando con Pablo todo el dà ­a.  (Andrea had been talking with Pablo all day.)Habà ­amos estado buscando una casa en Madrid. (We had been looking for a house in Madrid.)Habà ­an estado viviendo allà ­ mucho antes de que los espaà ±oles llegaran.  (They had been living there long before the Spaniards arrived.)

Experience with application of theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Experience with application of theory - Essay Example Indeed, it is known in psychology that most people believe in their own personal experience so much that they ignore findings of research, even if the underlying scientific evidence is very compelling (Knapp 1999, p.ix). But after all, this is not always a bad thing that we channel all events in our lives through our personal psychological filters, if we can use this term. What is important, though, that we do not lose the ability to see connections between our experiences and the strict psychological theories that attempt to structure and categorize different elements of our everyday goings-on. In this light, I will try to see how a real-life communication event that I have experienced can be interpreted and analyzed using such aspects of communication theory pertaining to interpersonal communication as the cognitive processing and mechanisms related to the psychological influence. The event that I am about to deal with is the story of friendship between me and my boyfriend Greg, and our friends Andrea and Dany, who have been themselves a couple. In fact, before we met with Greg, Dany had been his good friend, and I, in my turn, had been friends with Andrea. Perhaps it was not really surprising that after I and Greg started going out with each other, it was not long before Andrea and Dany also got acquainted. Soon, they became a couple too, and our friendship obtained a kind of a social symmetry, and perhaps due to that fact grew so that we were spending more time together that we had used to before. As I can clearly see now, by that moment our perception of each other changed and I stopped thinking of Andrea and Dany as of friends who were not completely fitting the lifestyle of me and Greg, for example because before I tended to be worried to let Greg and Dany go out together to some parties because I knew that Dany could be provoking Greg for, well, some ba chelor deeds. On the other hand, I suspect that when I wanted to spend some time with Andrea Greg could be a bit jealous that he was not always able to share the interest in topics which were of concern to us. Now, it does not mean that the mentioned factors completely disappeared after the relationship between Andrea and Dany started. But since that time I began to perceive Dany as a responsible person, and Greg, in his turn, became apparently much more easy about the time that I was spending without him with Andrea. The mentioned changes in attitudes that occurred in me, in my boyfriend, and in our friends already testify to the validity of one of the psychological mechanisms that acts during interpersonal communication and is described by the psychological approach termed constructivism. In general, constructivism belongs to the realm of study of cognitive processing that in psychology investigates information processing as a phenomenon underlying our psychological mechanisms and functions. In its turn, constructivism advances some concepts about the way people learn something and internalize new knowledge on basis of their experiences. One of the plausible mechanisms of learning is enabled by accommodation and assimilation. Assimilation takes place in situations when experiences of people coincide with their internal perception of the world, and therefore new experiences fit into our existing world views. Accommodation happens when there

Internatinal Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internatinal Economics - Essay Example Therefore, in zero capital mobility there is no money that is flowing in and/or out of the country (Accounting equation explanation with examples, 2011). The equilibrium of balance of payment which is meaningful under pegged exchanged rate refers to when the government induced transactions of balance of payments are zero when they nominal exchange. In this case, receipts on exports and imports are equal. From the above we can come up with an equation describing the balance of payment: B = T + k Where B is balance of payment, T is trade balance and k surplus of capital account. Therefore the overall is: B = T + k = 0 Under fixed rates of exchange, increased domestic banking will lead to a situation where circulating capital will be reduced since money will be laying in the banks. Due to this the supply of money will decline both abroad and at home. Since banks will reach their desired reserve ratio they will be in a position to lead and loan money conveniently. This will turn force th e prices of commodities to fall both at the national and international level (Wild, 2005). Domestic money shock or domestic monetary shock is the increase or decrease of the supply of money in the economy. ... In addition the reaction may occur in â€Å"real† behavior. Either way, monetary shocks real are in the relative changes in prices (Wild, 2005). Perfect capital mobility can be defined in four distinct ways: Investment rates are not affected by exogenous changes in rates of national saving, condition Feldstein-Horioka. Real rates of interests across a country are equalized by capital flow internationally, real parity interest. The flow of capital equalizes interest rates when conducted using common currency, covered parity interest. Uncovered parity interest, the flow of capital equalizes expected return rates on bonds in spite of exchange risk exposure. Also it is the absence barriers which hinder capital movement internationally. Its requirement are that, return rates on capital in different countries be the at equilibrium. World asset equilibrium is when there is a balance on the assets which are owned by different countries. In the economic theory each and every asset has its fundamental value. But in most cases many assets have a class of specific natural buyers. Assets are more valuable to these natural buyers than to the rest of the buyers. Natural buyers tolerate more risk, therefore, if they can get more money they will spend it asset acquisition there by driving the price of assets up. When capital is perfectly mobile the above scenario is facilitated with ease as opposed to a case where there is zero capital mobility. In such a case, there is no flow of money hence no money to purchase assets and this will lead to a state of in equilibrium (Accounting equation explanation with examples, 2011). When there is perfect capital mobility, world interest rates, price level variables, income, and foreign domestic

Interpretation of Statutes by Judges Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Interpretation of Statutes by Judges - Essay Example For the autonomy of duty to prevail, judges, who are agents of the judiciary, are expected to interpret statutes by giving effect to the will of Parliament without amending statutes. However, in judiciary practice, statutory interpretation has been said to be subject to different approaches of construction, some of which give judges the powers to amend statutes when giving interpretations (McCloskey & Sanford 2005, p. 66). In this paper, two overall approaches to construction which are intrinsic and extrinsic interpretations are reviewed to have a deeper understanding as to whether in the interpretation of statutes judges simply give effects to the will of Parliament or amend status under the disguise of interpretation. Gluck (2004, p. 1764) noted that statutory aids to interpretation come in two major forms which comprise the use of intrinsic material and extrinsic material. When judges use intrinsic aids, they use materials found within the statute being interpreted, whilst the use of extrinsic aids involve the use of materials anything not found within the statute (Bennion 1997, p. 10). Using extrinsic aids have thus been referred to as non-adherence to literalism as literalism involves the strict adherence to what is found in the statute (Sullivan 2006, p. 74). The Interpretation Act 1978 is one specific aid to interpretation. This is because as seen in Hutton v. Esher UDC 1973, the Interpretation Act 1978 provides that any common term it defines to be used in interpreting any statute that contains the word or term. In Hutton v. Esher UDC 1973 therefore, the land was defined to include buildings acquired for the purpose of compulsory purchase and this interpretation was strictly used in the ruli ng of the judge.

Literature as a Form of Art and Expression

Literature as a Form of Art and Expression INTRODUCTION The purpose of this essay is to examine literary creativity within the context that views all sides of the coin. This being said general and broad assumptions could be made about literary art and creative thought separately. These are concepts within society, which are explored, as it is human nature to understand human behaviour and the products of such behaviour. Literature and creativity are entirely in the eye of the beholder and subjective with in a set frame of reference. Unfortunately we live in a world where creativity and art are not always valuable strengths and commodities. Within the philosophical framework, people who are labelled artistically creative from the conservative viewpoint, they are not understood, often seen unstable and unproductive members of society. From this conservative viewpoint, creative people do not use the logical part of his or her brain and this leads to difficulty seeing the enlightened view where the self is valued as a freethinking body. There is flexibility for exploring one’s ideas and dreams. Artists have often been called dreamers. Artistic people live by a different credo, sometimes starving but always determined to stay true to his or her art form. Once again because society has difficulty valuing art and creativity; artists live with the conflict of expectation; what society expects and what the artist’s need to remain true. While the purpose of this paper is to examine the nature literary creativity for the sake of expression, it is also important to compare and contrast two English language texts to show how they are similar and different in terms of creativity. The two chosen works were: (1) Stevie Wonder’s Happy Birthday and (2) Robert K. Kennedy’s speech paying tribute to Martin Luther King Junior upon his assassination. With this in mind because of such a stark difference in content of the juxtaposition, it can also be argued that while both exhibit social identity to the time and a certain amount thoughtfulness with word selection and placement for creating moving pieces, one will stand alone as more literary and creative. Both are powerful in creating a vision and paying homage to a great American but Happy Birthday exhibits more creative traits than the speech. Still it should be mentioned that any rating of creativity is subjective and in the eye of the beholder and their distinct ive taste. For this purpose, Stevie Wonder’s Happy Birthday has more literary style, true to one’s idea toward poetry and expressionism. It fits the cultural norm more than a speech mainly because a speech is in the moment and while powerful, visionary can never recapture that moment in time the same way a song can. This brings up the notion of interpretation. Modern times ask for art, literary or otherwise to stand up to a test of many truths. It asks for man to apply the action of interpretation, analysis that in of it self has many drawbacks. Susan Sontag writes, â€Å"Interpretation is not (as most people assume) an absolute value, a gesture of mind situated in some timeless realm of capabilities. Interpretation must itself be evaluated, within a historical view of human consciousness.†[1] Still society’s view is slowly changing to include flexibility of multicultural understanding. Suddenly artists have a valued identity. Mark Freeman discusses the nature of understanding one’s muse with knowing one’s character with this quote: Rather than there simply existing those who paint or sculpt†¦alongside the other productive activities with human beings might become engaged, there arose ‘painters’ and ‘sculptors’, who came to define their very existence through their identities†¦Creative activities would be woven into the fabric of life itself. [2] The paragraphs below serve to define creativity within the frame of reference of modern times and the age of enlightenment lends to the self-actualising open-mindedness and freedom to embrace creative thought. With this in place, literary art and creativity can result and thrive within the model context. CREATIVITY At the bare bones level of literary creativity, one finds inspiration in words and sounds inherent in how at the fundamental level these connections offer a richness and duality of meaning. These meanings are enhanced by simple creative choices made by the writer or artist. It has been discussed how change is important and also memory, not only of a collective socio-cultural history and consciousness, but also of how the creative process is fostered at the root of words. This is Maybin’s inherency model where the key focus remains on words. This essay strives for deeper analysis at the socio-cultural level where history suggests impact and resonates across the many divisions found within the global multi-culture of modern times.[3] Numerous definitions of creativity are recorded in the literature. Creativity is often defined by use of synonyms. These include productive thinking, divergent thinking, originality, imagination, and lateral thinking. Because there is no generally accepted definition of creativity, it would be helpful to look at some definitions to date. Creativity is defined as â€Å"the association of thoughts, facts, ideas, etc. into a new and relevant configuration, one that has meaning beyond the sum of its parts—that provides a synergistic effect.†[4] Bennis and Beiderman define the creative process as â€Å"that mental process in which past experience is combined and recombined, frequently with some distortion, in such a fashion that one comes up with new patterns, new configurations, that better solve some need of mankind.†[5] Although this sampling of definitions reveals diverse elements found in creativity, these definitions do suggest some common thread found in creati ve thinking and that is, a new way of doing things. From this overview standpoint, one can define creativity as a process that solves a problem in a new and original way that is useful for those who value this process. It should be noted that the elements of uniqueness of solution and value of results are incorporated into the definition. Creativity experts feel that especially the American educational system should be teaching constructive, creative-thinking skills; focusing on â€Å"what can be.† It is the notion of possibility that remains to be seen. They believe what is needed is a whole change of attitude toward creativity in general. It is a matter of thinking differently and of seeing outside the box. For so long, there have been restrictions due to such philosophical concepts of what is. While art is subjective, this scares people because it evokes a feeling of uncertainty. Many find if something can be touched, seen and looks what they expect then it is acceptable. This concept does not allow for the realm of endless possibility. Still there has been a shift in thinking differently about â€Å"what is† because this can vary from person to person and culture to culture. The world is changing quickly because its borders are invisible, information flows freely. Therefore ideas are no longer linear but branch off with each new thought. It should also be noted that creativity is not limited to â€Å"the arts† as traditionalists may see it. No art can be found in mathematics, science and the simple act of washing dishes. This once again expresses the enlightened view that the self is aware and finds beauty in nature. Still this notion may bother many because they do not see the potential of art as a â€Å"what is† but as â€Å"it just is.† They are not able to see past the surface to the inner meaning or soul behind the expression. They may not even be aware of the act of expression and how creativity feeds into the energy of art. The limitless possibility of embracing creativity as a regular everyday process probably comes from the multiple definitions that creativity morphs into much like a prism seen in different degrees of light. From the literary works at hand written by Stevie Wonder and Robert F. Kennedy, it is the creativity energy of the time and its scope that not only define the levels of the works’ literary qualities but also the scope, the actual use of words to convey powerful messages. Carter’s work explains how most common people chose to see and understand literature when exposed to an artist’s process. Examples of such by the outsider can be seen as the following: â€Å"Unanswered questions, hesitations and false starts which characterise informal conversations†¦there is much divergence, disconnection and incoherence.†[6] CREATIVE ARTISTIC FLOW The artistic process relies upon creativity within this direct relationship. It has not helped that creative people have been invisible, living a lifestyle motivated by fulfilling the need for expression of the self. What makes creative people different from others is that they do not buy in into the typical means of motivation. Many different factors motivate people to behave the way they do. There are higher and lower order needs that balance out these acts of motivation. Lower order needs must be satisfied before the higher order needs can be addressed. This is within the conservative view loosing based on Maslow’s theory.[7] Lower order needs are such things as essential items needed for life like shelter, food and clothing. These needs do not recognise needs beyond the means of survival. The higher order needs are considered luxury needs but in the mind of the creative person, needs are of an eternal notion. They cannot see this need but it is engrained in the soul and mu st be addressed. Creative people have the ability to simply live for what they enjoy. The act of creativity involves a sense of adventure, a suspending disbelief to use one’s imagination for the purpose of seeing solutions. Brainstorming serves, as a method where ideas bubble over in every direction and no longer is the thought process linear but endless in possibility. In this respect anyone with an open mind can be creative as Csikszentmihalyi writes, â€Å"it seems strange that dancers, rock climbers, and composers all argue that their most enjoyable experiences resemble a process of discovery.†[8] The concept of enjoyment plays a huge factor in creativity because of a dual mechanism found within the human genes. This duality is inherent within humans to seek comfort with reference to more primitive times of flight or fight. There is the need to conserve energy written in the DNA. Understanding the concept of enjoyment ties in with this mechanism because people find different ways to relax and seek comfort in new experiences. The interesting element is people will allow for challenges as long as these events or flow experiences remain consistent regardless of activity.[9] Without enjoyment acting as a fulfilling element, creativity would just be another job without the thrill. It would be mundane. Without creativity and people â€Å"discovering new ways of being and doing, there is no evolution of culture, no progress in thought or feeling.†[10] Unfortunately the conservative view has a difficult time accepting an illogical response as a purpose or goal in life. The emotion involved in creating art seems foreign to them mainly because they have a difficult time seeing beyond the physical properties of the artwork. Carey surmises the above quandary with the following, Equally you might say that the question ‘What is a work of art?’ could not have been asked before the late 18th century because until then no works of art existed. I do not mean that objects we now regard as works of art did not exist before that date†¦Of course they did†¦Most pre-industrial societies did not even have a word for art as an independent concept. [11] The concept of literary art and therefore, creativity is a completely modern ideology. Art existed and was important but the level of understanding did not extend that far within society. It may be a fair assumption that modern influences like war, industrialization or advent of technologies, changing familial lifestyles have all changes the concept of art. As a result of the pressures modern times present people seek comfort in forms of art like literature, film, theatre, and museums. For those expressing themselves creatively, this is also a time of utilizing these influences intertextually within his or her mediums. As a result you see common themes and subject matter as well as reinventing the same idea over and over. At times the conservative view will see literature and art as shocking but really it is just evolving with the times and artists are seeking to push the envelope to noticed for hard work. Carey furthers the argument of subjectivity by writing, â€Å"When we say a t hing is beautiful for us. It is of personal taste.†[12] In today’s world personal taste could mean anything to anyone and change depending on the moment. This concept of personal taste must remain open and flexible to influencing outside forces in order to reflect an evolving multicultural environment. Overall, creativity experts call for a change in attitude toward creativity if people are going to reap the benefits from available global markets, available capital, personnel effectiveness, and business competence. Success in global markets is going to need a baseline of competence on which to build. This is related to the development of new ideas and concepts that emanates from serious creative thinking. As noted above, the concept of negativity, which can be interpreted as conservatism and complacency, is the biggest enemy of creativity. To think that an educator is doing well or is creative enough is fatal in the long run. One must constantly push the envelope and stand one step ahead of the game. ANALYSIS OF LITERARY WORKS It has been explored that literary creativity remains in the mind of the reader and his or her subjective personal taste. One can attribute certain literary traits to creative works as quantifiable measures toward discussion of what makes one work more literary and creative than another. If one defines such actions by words and sounds, using more of a Maybin framework where choice and placement of words comes into play. It is how these words form the content, the hidden power and meaning behind the action in the first place that remains at defining literary concepts. While each literary work analysed for this essay; Steve Wonder’s Happy Birthday and Robert F. Kennedy’s Martin Luther King Junior Speech have qualities that standout as literary and hold one’s inspiration; it is Stevie Wonder’s Happy Birthday that remains literally true to the literary form of poetry. His song is modern day poetry with its words and sounds forming a tribute and vision. It is not to say that Robert F. Kennedy’s speech written on the day of Martin Luther King Junior’s assassination is not literature or powerful in nature. It is meant to stir a nation’s consciousness. It does hold power over the American thought process and still remains and important document as an example of America’s turbulent 1960s. This document served to continue a process toward equality for all men and women and remains a pinnacle defining moment in history. Still it is the actual format of a speech that throws people off of it being a piece of literature. Most people would not consider a speech as literature but more of a document, an embodiment of that moment in time. It is in a sense non-fiction, rich in historical content. It displays tools of literary honing. The speech is stoic, powerfully written, simply written without much use of imagery or symbolism. It is very much unlike the works of Martin Luther King Junior and in fact on the other end of spectrum. Robert F. Kennedy’s speech was meant to capture a nation in mourning, not only for the man but also for his dream. What it does do effectively is paint a picture of the existing colour divisions still found in American culture today. Robert F. Kennedy uses a literary device of superimposing an actual piece of classical literature within the body of his speech. What this does is bring light to the fact that a classical poem still has the power to resonate feeling despite being centuries old. The poem’s meaning can still provoke thoughts and offer comfort. The Aeschylus poem allows for a broader scope to the present moment, which will later be an historical turning point for the Civil Rights Movement. It adds depth to a speech that seems solemn and one-dimensional, somewhat lacking inspiration until that point. Kennedy’s speech does not rely upon other literary devices but uses simple words, reflecting the moment precisely. Use of the Aeschylus poem allows the American consciousness even today to see how humanity remains unchanged even during times of great uncertainty. It documents accurately the idea of man’s resistance to change. This literary device is clever and serves to strengthen this underlying feeling of loss and uncertainty. The speech seeps into the backbone of society morals and values but it does not create a piece of literature, not in tone or based upon other literary traits. The speech is more of a commentary, a snippet into a sad period for the American people. Still what the speech does do effectively is allow Robert F. Kennedy to lead the people in feeling sad and hope at the same time. It brings him down off of the pedestal many politicians reside upon and allows him to be among the people. This reflects his inherent qualities as a leader and is what would have made him an excellent president. What really remains effective for both pieces is how they each capture a sense of history without truly making it obvious. Both pieces pay homage to a man who sought a dream for all people. Though the homage is clear so is the essence of the times or the interpretation of what the Civil Rights Movement represented. What makes this notion more pertinent is the fact that Stevie Wonder’s Happy Birthday was written in 1980, long after the Civil Rights Movement ended. It is still ingrained in the American collective culture. Both works take into account the impact this period had, not only the man but also on further reaching social issues on how his dream meant change. Stevie Wonder’s Happy Birthday is a more literary work because it is written an acceptable form of expression for the modern audience. The song allows people to relate with the words because the form is identifiable by most people. Music represents soul, celebration and a pulse of the people just found inherently within its composition. Songs are something people understand and will listen to over and over. The literary creativity of this song gets down to the bare bones of words and how words work together to create a vision, a feeling. Words work to reflect tone, imagery and hope. The song remains a living celebration of Martin Luther King Junior’s work, dream and life but also as a reminder of how far humanity has come in a few short years. The very fact that Stevie Wonder is a black man and has the right for expression in a public arena is proof enough and very telling. Still it reflects a certain amount of sadness over the fact that this song is just now being writ ten, that society still has colour divide. Stevie Wonder writes as the last verse of the song: In full remembrance Of those who lived and died for the oneness of all people.[13] This should be more of a question because even today even almost thirty years later there is not oneness within American culture. This speaks of the work yet to be done and is mirrored by his word choices. How the words flow together create an impact for the song and the listener. On the backbone of celebration, there is even disbelief that a song for Martin Luther King Junior has not been written before. Stevie Wonder believes it should not even be a big deal but still this remains a reflection of the value system still inherent in American culture. With lines 1-4, he writes, You know it doesn’t make much sense There ought to be a law against Anyone who takes offense At a day in your celebration[14] What is most eloquent here is the use of rhyme that is set up as discrete and not so obvious but also the nature of musical expression. This device continues toward a more literary tactic to set up this work as more creative than the speech. It is the lyrical nature of music that allows imagery to be embedded in a way that multidimensional meanings appear. The song’s meaning may be different each time for the same person but definitely different for each individual. The fact that the song can be heard again and again continues this impact upon society. It resonates still today the dream but also carries into how the dream continues to change the minds of many through such literary works. CONCLUSION In closing the above paragraphs have explored the concept that literary art and creativity as artistic are in a direct relationship when it comes to their roles in society as a means of expression. The notion of literature and art is a modern invention born out of the human necessity to find comfort in his or her surroundings. The means of expression vary greatly but also act as a means of self-discovery for those who experience creative flow. One does not have to be an artist in the traditional sense of the word to experience this action but only open to creativity as a valid behaviour. This shift toward acceptance of creativity is borne out of an evolving cultural need that must be reflective of multiple view and cultures. Still there is resistance to change and many people still see artistic and literary creativity as illogical and emotional. The conservative view offers a rather flat and grey vision of literary art and creativity, not seeing the full potential for self-exploratio n. END NOTES Bennis, W Biederman, P (1997) Organizing Genius: The Secrets of Creative Collaboration Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA Carey, J (2005) What Good Are The Arts? Faber and Faber, London Carter, R (2004) Language and Creativity: The Art of Common Talk Routledge, London Csikszentmihalyi, M (Unknown?) Creativity: Flow and Psychology of Discovery and Invention Harper Perennial, Macquarie University Library. Freeman, M (1993) Finding The Muse: A Sociopsychological Inquiry into the Conditions of Artistic Creativity Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Goodman, S O’Halloran, K (Eds.) (2006) The Art of English: Literary Creativity, Palgrave MacMillan, The Open University. Kennedy, RF (1968) Robert F Kennedy on the Death of Martin Luther King, speech, Indianapolis viewed 5 September 2008 http://www.historyplace.com/speeches.rfk.htm Maybin, J (2006) Writing the self in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English: Everyday Creativity The Open University, Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan, p. 261-311 Maybin, J (2006) Locating creativity in texts and practices in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English: Everyday Creativity Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 413-455 Mish, F (Ed.) (2004) Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary Merriam-Webster, Incorporated, Springfield, MA Robbins, S (2001) Organizational Behavior Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ Sontag, S (1964) Against Interpretation Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, New York Swann, J (2006) The art of the everyday in J. Maybin and J. Swann (eds) The Art of English: Everyday Creativity Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan/The Open University, p. 3-53 Wonder, S (1980) Happy Birthday on Hotter Than July Motown, Detroit. 1 Footnotes [1] Sontag, S (1964) p. 3 [2] Freeman, M (1993) p. 37 [3] Maybin, J (2006) p. 415 [4] Mish, F (2004) p. 293 [5] Bennis, W Biederman, P (1997) p. 15 [6] Carter, R (2004) p. 101 [7] Robbins, S (2001) p. 156 [8] Csikszentmihalyi, M (Unknown) p. 108 [9] Csikszentmihalyi, M (ibid) p. 110 [10] Csikszentmihalyi, M (ibid) p. 110 [11] Carey, J (2005) p. 7 [12] Carey, J (ibid) p. 9 [13] Wonder, S (1980) lines 33-35 [14] Wonder, S (ibid) line 1-4

An Argument Against High Salaries in Major League Baseball Essay

An Argument Against High Salaries in Major League Baseball Twenty-five million dollars made per year. Over one hundred fifty-four thousand dollars made per game. Over forty-seven thousand dollars earned per at bat. Sounds a little ridiculous, does it not? That is what current Texas Ranger shortstop Alex Rodriguez earns to play the game of baseball (azcentral.com). Baseball is a game that children have been playing in schoolyards and fields for the past one hundred years. It may not be a game anymore. On the Major League level it has become a business. This is where the problem starts. There are twenty-five players who make more than ten million dollars per year, a price that, ten years ago, only two players made half of that (azcentral.com). The Seattle Mariners had the highest median salary in 2002 at over 3.3 million dollars per player. Ten years ago, the same Seattle Mariners had a median salary of $317,500; an increase of over three million dollars or an increase of over 900% (usatoday.com). This trend can be seen in all Major League franchises. The salaries in Major League Baseball are growing at an astronomical rate that should not only decrease, but halt, due to the fact that these salaries are pushing away the fans that support these businesses and the lack of parity within baseball itself. Baseball has historically been known as America’s pastime because the American people cannot only enjoy games that they play themselves, but attend professional games and have a good afternoon with friends. But in 1972, Curt Flood challenged the reserve system in court and became the first free-agent, a player who is legally able to sign a contract with any team he chooses for a... ...ined. The money of this nation should go towards those who will make a difference tomorrow. The salaries of professional baseball players are at such a level that fan support is dwindling from the franchises, as well as creating a talent gap among teams causing the game to be tainted. Works Cited Stark, Jayson. The Decision that Changed the Game. 22 November 2002. 25 March 2003 http://espn.go.com/mlb/columns/stark_jayson/891711.html 2002 MLB Attendance. 23 February 2003. Montreal Expos. 25 March 2003 http://mtlexpos.tripod.com/attendance2002_mlb.htm Baseball Salaries Database. 11 November 2002. USA Today. 25 March 2003 http://asp.usatoday.com/sports/baseball/salaries/default.aspx Twenty-five Highest Paid Major League Baseball Players. 12 May 2002. Arizona Republic. 25 March 2003 http://www.azcentral.com/sports/diamondbacks/ top25salaries2002.html

Superstition and Daily Life Dealings

What does the word superstition mean to you? We really find it difficult to define it. According to one simple definition, feelings or believes involving fear of some unseen forces is called superstition. For example, if a person believes that by wearing some kind of charm he will be protected from evil spirits and bad luck and without wearing It he will be under the influence of some unseen forces and also he will have bad luck.This kind of feelings or believes which involve fear of unseen forces, which can't be proved, is called superstition and those people ho have such kind of believes are known as superstitious people. This kind of people believes in signs and numbers of good luck and bad luck and their whole live are greatly affected by these signs and numbers. How did Superstitions Begin? It is almost impossible to say that when people started believing in signs and numbers because there are many things all of us believe in that can't be proved.At certain times In man's histor y, and even today, everyone believed In certain things that now we regard as superstitions. At that time science was not as much developed as today, so those things and events which wondered and righted people at that time. They started believing In them and became superstitious. For instance, when they went under the trees at night time, they felt uncomfortable breathing.As they didn't know any authentic reason behind this fact so they started beveling that to go under trees at night time Invites the anger of Ghost which makes their breathing uncomfortable in order to harm them. But, today we all know that trees absorb oxygen at night time and the deficiency of oxygen under trees at night makes our breathing uncomfortable Instead of Ghost. Similarly they believed that the shadow or reflection of a person is a part of soul. So, to break those things on which this shadow appeared was regarded as to harm the soul. So they considered it unlucky to break a mirror.Today If someone consid ers it unlucky to break mirror or believes that to go under the trees at night invites the anger of Ghost, we will definitely call him superstitious because today we no longer believe in these kind of â€Å"foolish† reasons which long time ago people believed. So superstition is actually a belief or practice that people cling to after new knowledge or facts have appeared to disprove them. That's why it is impossible to say hen superstitions began. Some Familiar Superstitions: We can find superstitious people almost in every society, every country and In every religion although less in numbers than past.In past people TLD know about sun, stars, moon, and comets etc. So they made up explanations about their motion and followed certain practices to protect themselves from the influence of their motion on life. This is very common even today and become a commercial under the name of â€Å"Horoscope†. If a black cat crosses the way of a person, then that is considered as un lucky for that person. Another superstition which is very common in Europe and America Is â€Å"Friday The 13th†. When a Friday guests are expected.Some people wear stone made rings and believe that when bad luck is ahead , these stones change their color or they break down. Some people wear amulet and believe that this will protect from evil spirits. Some believe that if owls live in a house then that house will be ruined. Many people have their lucky numbers and they believe in them. There are many other superstitions which seem to be Joyful and Joke for us but they change the entire lives of those who believe in them. How to avoid Superstition? Superstitious people live their lives under the influence of unseen forces and fear.They cannot live a normal life. They are extra-careful in their daily life dealings. To keep yourselves away from these kind of feelings and believe Just believe in God Almighty, Who decided the fortune of man before man's birth. So nothing can influ ence your lives. Superstitions are strictly denied in Islam. In any trouble, pay attentions towards Allah Almighty and seek His help. Find the genuine and scientific reasons behind the facts (instead of believing their influence or power as superstitious people do) and enjoy the life.

The Military Balance of Power essays

The Military Balance of Power essays In an age where how to manufacture weapons of mass destruction is relatively common knowledge, with the only real limitation being the procurement of the necessary components, we find ourselves asking whether possession of such former aces in the hole connotes the same military power distinction it once did. Knowledge is difficult to contain in the increasingly globalized world of today; weapon systems and arms that were previously exclusive to a select few nations have found their way to other countries through various, sometimes clandestine, channels. The inevitable question in light of such developments is can we still meaningfully compare military strength and power between countries, today and in the future? Like all the other capabilities that may constitute a states power, military power has no cut and dry definition that enables it to be measured directly. At best it can be characterized by a number of quantitative and qualitative factors which can be categorized as being either internal or external measures of a states military power. The internal measures include such factors as a states military budget, its weaponry, and its morale and leadership; the external measures and their respective factors include a states international reputation as well as its association with other states, such as in the case of alliances (Rourke 320). Although military spending is not identical to military strength, comparisons of the military budgets between countries can be revealing. The combined U.S. military budget with that of its allies for 2002 was more than 38 times greater, at over $555 billion dollars, than the combined military expenditure of the seven countries identified by the U.S. Department of Defense as potential enemies - Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria (Berry 39). This enormous disparity reveals the dependency of the military on the underlying economy of the state as a so...

French Welfare System

French Welfare System The social welfare system in France and other European states has almost the same organization in the way the social security scheme works. The social welfare scheme in France is organized in such a way that all the beneficiaries fully covered incase they incur any risks (Agressano, 2011). The scheme covers a wide range of cases such as old age, maternity, widowhood, death sickness and all forms of occupational accidents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on French Welfare System specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social security scheme has no special provisions and applies to employees who are salaried regardless of their nationality, age and sex. The social welfare program in France does not allow for more than one recruitment in the scheme according to the 1996 declaration (Agressano, 2011). This paper will highlight social welfare programs in France and other European countries in comparison with the healthcare refo rm in the United States. The welfare scheme covers all employees as long as they make all the required contributions towards the social security scheme. The scheme covers all medical expenses and costs ranging from laboratory costs, consultation fees, hospitalization, medicine, prostheses, dental care and optician’s charges (Agressano, 2011). The employees are guaranteed adequate cover even in the periods when they are not on duty. Foreign workers have to first of all obtain residence and work permits for them to be covered by this social security scheme. The employees and the employers have a share of contributions they make towards the social security scheme. It is the responsibility of the employer to make contributions that cater for family allowances and occupational accidents (Agressano, 2011). The social security scheme refunds medical costs according to the beneficiary’s contribution rates. Other extra costs are paid by the employee and other complementary insu rance schemes. This social scheme can not work effectively in the United States because of the many social welfare schemes are expensive and discriminative. The social welfare of American employees has been poor over the years due to the expensive rates charged by the available social welfare schemes and insurance companies (Kronenfeld, 2004). This has always elicited a lot of debate and in the end many citizens have been unable to access quality healthcare. The healthcare reform has provisions meant to subsidize insurance and expanding medical aid to the poor. The legislation lays much emphasis on medical research and permanently prohibiting coverage caps by insurance companies (Kronenfeld, 2004). The law protects applicants from insurance companies that deny them coverage and unreasonably high premiums. The legislation also seeks to prohibit those insurance companies that only insure applicants with good health profiles and ensure that all citizens get the necessary cover regardle ss of their health profiles (Kronenfeld, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, each country has the responsibility of ensuring that its citizens enjoy medical cover from social welfare schemes without any discrimination. The social welfare schemes in Europe are completely different from that in the United States because of its flexibility. The social welfare scheme in the United is one of the most expensive in the world with many insurance companies’ exploiting citizens by charging high premiums (Kronenfeld, 2004). The healthcare reform will ensure that insurance premiums are subsidized so that all citizens are able to enjoy quality and affordable healthcare. References Agressano, J. (2011). French welfare state reform: Idealism versus Swedish, New Zealand and Dutch pragmatism. New York: Anthem Press. Kronenfeld, J. J. (2004). Healthcare reform in America: A reference handbook. New York, NY: ABC-CLIO.

Research proposal Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Research proposal - Literature review Example Please note that blue instructions (in italics) should be deleted and replaced by the appropriate entries. The word guides are a maximum. The proposal should include a list of references and a timescale plan. 1. Proposed Title Give a clear and succinct title, indicating the problem area around which the research will be undertaken. To identify the issues in electronic banking transactions 2. Background or Rationale of the Project Include a description of the background to your project. Explain why you have chosen the topic - give both academic and personal reasons. Answer the following questions: Why do you feel this research project is necessary? Such a project is necessary to gather more insight in the topic of internet banking as a whole and particularly in the security issues related to the e-transactions. What is the problem or issue that needs sorting out? The financial services in the field of electronic commerce are rapidly advancing with Internet banking being in the forefro nt of it requiring many developments and implementations regarding a comprehensive security practices. For the field of Internet banking, the real issue is regarding the security which is hampering this field as effect methods are still not in place that can provide the users of Internet banking an authenticate and remote environment. This has given rise to the possibility of cloning the identities of the Internet banking user which arises the issue of procedures and practices that could minimize this issue. Why are you interested in the project? What has aroused your curiosity? Given the present scenario of the advanced technologies been used in setting up security requirements placed by the regional, national and global Internet banking system, still users are not confident enough to carry out e-banking transactions. If this is the case, then the question arises that why is Internet banking becoming more and more popular amongst the users if security issues lie within the system o f Internet banking. This curiosity and interest has given me a direction to further my research in the issues of security in Internet banking transactions. How will your project add new knowledge to the field? Since not much research has been conducted in this field, particularly in creation of secure pathways for transactions, the security framework recommended in this research can provide a direction for present and future framework for secured Internet banking transactions. Max. 250 words 3. Preliminary Review of the Literature Give a brief critical review of the literature within your topic area and justify the need for your research. Don’t forget to give a list of key references used (a minimum of 6) - use the Harvard Referencing Style. Answer the following questions: What research has already been carried out on your topic area? Many different researches have been carried out on the topic where different authors have discussed the security issues as well as provided fra meworks for security practices. This topic is popular because of the growing impact of Internet on all businesses particularly in the banking industry where services are now provided online for the convenience of the customers. According to Jamwal and Padha (2009), Online Banking Association conducted a survey where security was rated the top issue in online banking by the member institutions. According to Zin and

NYPDs Stop & Frisk Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NYPDs Stop & Frisk Practices - Essay Example Cracking down on criminals while they least expect it helps lower crime rates. Stop and frisk procedure help reduce the amount of contraband or weapons carried around by suspect criminals (Lamberth, 2011). Since suspect criminals know they risk getting frisked and searched, they choose not to carry any incriminating material on them. This helps contribute to increase safety around the New York environs. A decrease in the number of weapons, drugs or other criminal contraband assists in curbing illegal undertakings in the New York state environ. The stop and frisk procedure also assists in maintaining officer safety. Officers are able to check on their safety by risking individuals whom they suspect to be dangerous. The stop and frisk procedure accord officers the right to frisk and search someone who pose a risk to their safety. If an officer gets to stop and frisk an individual and finds a weapon, then the officer may have protected his or her life (Lamberth, 2011). If the weapon was to be used on the officer, it would put his or her life in

Collective Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Collective Bargaining - Essay Example Collective bargaining is the bargaining or negotiation taking place between an employer and a group of workers so as to determine the circumstances of employment. These negotiations occurring, results in a collective agreement. The employees are represented by the union leaders at the negotiation. Federal and state laws govern collective bargaining. When federal and state law overlaps, state laws are enforced. (collective bargaining) Collective bargaining can also be defined as a tool used by people to end a conflict, in a way that both parties can have the benefit from negotiation. It is widely used in organizations to settle various issues between the employee and the employer. It is a technique in which the negotiation taking place between two parties, result in an official or unofficial agreement. It is a process of the human resource system in which the employee or their representative take part in the discussion with the higher authority or the employer and put forward the claims and the demand of their co-workers. Collective bargaining has served as an important apparatus for providing a democratic organization to the employees where they can barter with the employer for their basic needs. It has helped solving many organizational issues like reducing inequality, increasing pay rate of employees and improving the organizational environment for employees. It is the system which gives the authority to a skilled worker to put forward his demand at the industrial level. This system was the result of the influence of the rapidly advancing organizational structure, which also illustrated the importance of the rights of labor. EXAMPLE: Some workers or employees have to carry pagers during the off-duty hour, in order to respond to the emergencies. As the result of collective bargaining agreements, all the employees carrying pagers during the off-duty hours were given extra pay of five weeks,  whether they are paged or not. If an